Kuora kweRadioactive uye Matanho Ekudzivirira

Kugadzikana kwenucleus kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekubuda kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvidimbu kana mafungu, zvichikonzera marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekuora kwemwaranzi uye kugadzirwa kwemwaranzi ionizing. Zvidimbu zveAlpha, beta, gamma rays, uye neutrons ndezvimwe zvemhando dzinoonekwa zvakanyanya. Kuora kweAlpha kunosanganisira kuburitswa kwezvidimbu zvinorema, zvine chaji yakanaka nenyuchi dziri kuora kuti dzigadzikane zvakanyanya. Zvidimbu izvi hazvikwanise kupinda muganda uye zvinowanzovharwa nepepa rimwe chete.

Zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvidimbu kana mafungu anoburitswa nenucleus kuti agare akasimba, kune mhando dzakasiyana dzekuora kwemwaranzi kunotungamira kumwaranzi ionizing. Mhando dzakajairika ialpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays uye neutrons.

Mwaranzi yeAlpha

Munguva yemwaranzi yealpha, manyuchi ari kuora anoburitsa zvidimbu zvinorema, zvine chaji yakanaka kuti awane kugadzikana kwakanyanya. Zvikamu izvi hazviwanzo kwanisa kupfuura nepaganda kuti zvikonzere kukuvara uye zvinogona kuvharwa zvinobudirira nekushandisa bepa rimwe chete.

Kunyange zvakadaro, kana zvinhu zvinoburitsa alpha zvikapinda mumuviri kuburikidza nekufema, kunwa, kana kunwa, zvinogona kukanganisa zvakananga nhengo dzemukati, zvichikonzera kukuvadza hutano. Muenzaniso wechinhu chinoora kuburikidza nezvidimbu zve alpha iAmericium-241, inoshandiswa muzvishandiso zvinoongorora utsi pasi rese.

Beta mwaranzi

Munguva yemwaranzi yebeta, manyuchi anoburitsa zvidimbu zvidiki (maerekitironi), zvinopinda zvakanyanya kupfuura zvidimbu zvealpha uye zvine simba rekufamba munzvimbo inosvika 1-2 centimeter yemvura, zvichienderana nesimba razvo. Kazhinji, jira rakatetepa rearuminiyamu rine ukobvu hwemamirimita mashoma rinogona kudzivirira mwaranzi yebeta.

Mwaranzi yeGamma

Maranzi eGamma, ane mashandisirwo akasiyana-siyana anosanganisira kurapa kenza, ari muchikamu chemwaranzi yemagetsi, yakafanana neX-rays. Kunyange zvazvo mamwe maranzi egamma achigona kufamba mumuviri wemunhu pasina migumisiro, mamwe anogona kunyudzwa uye anogona kukonzera kukuvara. Madziro ekongiri akakora kana kuti lead anokwanisa kuderedza njodzi inokonzerwa nemwaranzi yegamma nekuderedza simba rayo, ndosaka makamuri ekurapa muzvipatara akagadzirirwa varwere vekenza akavakwa nemadziro akasimba kudaro.

Manyutroni

Manyuturoni, sezvinhu zvinorema uye zvikamu zvakakosha zvenucleus, anogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana-siyana, dzakadai semanuclear reactors kana kuti nuclear reactions zvinokonzerwa nezvimedu zvine simba rakawanda muaccelerator beams. Aya manyuturoni anoshanda senzvimbo inozivikanwa yemwaranzi ionizing isina kunanga.

Nzira Dzekudzivirira Kuratidzwa Nemwaranzi

Nheyo nhatu dziri nyore uye dziri nyore kutevedzera dzekudzivirira mwaranzi ndedzinoti: Nguva, Kureba, Kudzivirira.

Nguva

Chiyero chemwaranzi chinounganidzwa nemushandi wemwaranzi chinowedzera zvakananga zvichienderana nenguva iri pedyo nekwakabva mwaranzi. Nguva shoma inoshandiswa pedyo nekwakabva mwaranzi inoguma nechiyero chidiki chemwaranzi. Kusiyana neizvi, kuwedzera kwenguva inoshandiswa mumunda wemwaranzi kunotungamira kune chiyero chikuru chemwaranzi chinogamuchirwa. Nokudaro, kuderedza nguva inoshandiswa mumunda chero upi zvawo wemwaranzi kunoderedza kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi.

Kureba

Kuwedzera kuparadzaniswa pakati pemunhu nemwaranzi kunoratidza kuti inzira inoshanda yekuderedza kusvibiswa nemwaranzi. Sezvo daro kubva panobva mwaranzi richikura, huwandu hwemwaranzi hunoderera zvakanyanya. Kuderedza kuva pedyo nemwaranzi kunonyanya kushanda pakuderedza kusvibiswa nemwaranzi panguva yekushandiswa kwemagetsi nemagetsi ekufambisa. Kuderera kwekusvibiswa kunogona kuverengwa uchishandisa mutemo we inverse square, unotsanangura hukama huripo pakati pedaro nekusimba kwemwaranzi. Mutemo uyu unoti kusimba kwemwaranzi padaro rakatarwa kubva panobva mwaranzi kwakabatana ne square yedaro.

Kudzivirira

Kana kuchengetedza daro rakanyanya uye nguva shoma zvikasavimbisa kuti pachava nemwaranzi yakaderera zvakakwana, zvinova zvakakosha kuisa dziviriro inoshanda kuti danda remwaranzi ridzike zvakakwana. Chinhu chinoshandiswa kuderedza mwaranzi chinozivikanwa sechidziviriro, uye kushandiswa kwacho kunobatsira kuderedza kusangana nevarwere neveruzhinji.

—— ...

LnkMed, mugadziri wehunyanzvi mukugadzira nekugadziramajekiseni emhando yepamusoro ekudzivirira musiyanoTinopawosirinji nemachubhuiyo inosanganisira anenge mamodheru ese anozivikanwa pamusika. Ndapota taurai nesu kuti muwane rumwe ruzivo kuburikidza neinfo@lnk-med.com