Iko kugadzikana kweiyo nucleus kunogona kuwanikwa kuburikidza nekuburitswa kwemhando dzakasiyana dzezvimedu kana masaisai, zvichikonzera akasiyana siyana ekuora kweradioactive uye kugadzirwa kweiyo ionizing radiation. Alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays, uye neutrons ndezvimwe zvemhando dzinowanzoonekwa.Kuora kweAlpha kunosanganisira kusunungurwa kwezvikamu zvinorema, zvinopomerwa zvakanaka nenyuclei iri kuora kuti iwane kugadzikana kukuru. Izvi zvimedu hazvikwanisi kupinda mukati meganda uye zvinowanzovharwa zvinobudirira nepepa rimwe chete.
Zvichienderana nerudzi rwezvikamu kana masaisai anoburitsa nucleus kuti agadzikane, kune marudzi akasiyana-siyana ekuora kwemwaranzi inoenda kumwaranzi yeionizing. Mhando dzinonyanya kuzivikanwa ndeye alpha particles, beta particles, gamma rays uye neutrons.
Alpha radiation
Munguva yealpha radiation, nuclei irikuora inoburitsa inorema, inochajiswa zvimedu kuti iwane kugadzikana kukuru. Zvimedu izvi kazhinji hazvigone kupfuura nepaganda kuti zvikuvadze uye kazhinji zvinogona kuvharika nekushandisa bepa rimwe chete.
Zvakadaro, kana zvinhu zvealpha-emitting zvikapinda mumuviri kuburikidza nekufemerwa, kumeza, kana kunwa, zvinogona kukanganisa zvakananga nyama dzemukati, izvo zvinogona kukonzera kukuvadza kuhutano. .
Beta radiation
Munguva yebeta radiation, nuclei inoburitsa tudiki (maelectrons), ayo anopinda kupfuura ma alpha particles uye anokwanisa kuyambuka uwandu hwemasendimita 1-2 emvura, zvinoenderana nemwero wesimba rawo. Kazhinji, shizha rakatetepa realuminium rinoyera mamirimita mashoma mukukora rinogona kuvhara beta radiation.
Gamma mwaranzi
Gamma mwaranzi, ine huwandu hwakasiyana hwekushandisa kusanganisira kurapwa kwegomarara, ndeyechikamu chemagetsi emagetsi, akafanana neX-rays. Nepo mamwe maranzi egamma achigona kupfuura mumuviri wemunhu pasina zvinokonzeresa, mamwe anogona kunyudzwa uye anogona kukonzera kukuvadza. Kongiri yakakora kana madziro ekutungamirira anokwanisa kudzikamisa njodzi inosanganisirwa nemwaranzi ye gamma nekudzikisa kusimba kwayo, ndosaka makamuri ekurapa muzvipatara akagadzirirwa varwere vekenza anovakwa nemadziro akasimba kudaro.
Neutrons
Neutrons, sezvimedu zvinorema uye zvikamu zvakakosha zveiyo nucleus, zvinogona kugadzirwa nenzira dzakasiyana siyana, senge nyukireya reactor kana kuita kwenyukireya kunokonzereswa nepamusoro-simba zvidimbu mumatanda ekumhanyisa. Aya manyuturoni anoshanda senzvimbo inocherekedza yemwaranzi isina kunanga ionizing.
Nzira dzekupokana neRadiation Exposure
Zvitatu zvezvakanyanya uye zviri nyore kutevedzera misimboti yekudzivirira mwaranzi ndeiyi: Nguva, Kureba, Kudzivirira.
Nguva
Iyo radiation dose inounganidzwa nemushandi weradiation inowedzera mune yakanangana nenguva yekuva pedyo neiyo radiation sosi. Nguva shoma inopedzwa pedyo nekwakabva inoguma nemwaranzi yakaderera. Sezvineiwo, kuwedzera kwenguva yakashandiswa mundima yeradiation inotungamira kune yakakura radiation dose inogamuchirwa. Naizvozvo, kuderedza nguva inoshandiswa mune chero nzvimbo yemwaranzi inoderedza kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi.
Distance
Kuwedzera kupatsanurwa pakati pemunhu nemwaranzi sosi kunoratidza kuti inzira inoshanda yekudzikisa kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi. Sezvo chinhambwe kubva kune radiation sosi inokura, iyo radiation dose level inodzikira zvakanyanya. Kudzikamisa kuswedera kune radiation sosi kunonyanya kushanda pakudzikamisa kuratidzwa kwemwaranzi panguva yenharembozha radiography uye fluoroscopy maitiro. Kudzikira kwekuratidzwa kunogona kuverengerwa uchishandisa inverse square law, inotaridza hukama pakati pechinhambwe nekusimba kwemwaranzi. Mutemo uyu unoti kusimba kwemwaranzi pachinhambwe chakatarwa kubva kune imwe nzvimbo kunopindirana nechikwere chedaro.
Shielding
Kana kuchengetedza chinhambwe chepamusoro uye nguva shoma isingavimbisi kuderedzwa kwemwaranzi dosi, zvinove zvakakosha kuti uise dziviriro inoshanda kudzikamisa danda remwaranzi. Izvo zvinoshandiswa kudzikamisa radiation inozivikanwa senhovo, uye kuita kwayo kunoshanda kuderedza kuratidzwa kune vese varwere uye neruzhinji.
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Nguva yekutumira: Jan-08-2024
