Chinangwa chechinyorwa chino ndechekukurukura mhando nhatu dzemagadzirirwo emifananidzo yekurapa anowanzo vhiringidzwa neveruzhinji, X-ray, CT, uye MRI.
Dose yemwaranzi yakaderera–X-ray
Zita reX-ray rakazowanikwa sei?
Izvi zvinotidzosera shure makore 127 kusvika muna Mbudzi. Nyanzvi yefizikisi yekuGermany Wilhelm Conrad Roentgen akawana chinhu chisingazivikanwe murabhoritari yake yakaderera, uye akazopedza mavhiki ari murabhoritari, akabudirira kunyengetedza mudzimai wake kuti aite semunhu anoedzwa, uye akanyora X-ray yekutanga munhoroondo yevanhu, nekuti chiedza chakazara nezvakavanzika zvisingazivikanwe, Roentgen akaitumidza kuti X-ray. Kuwanikwa uku kukuru kwakaisa hwaro hwekuongororwa kwemifananidzo yezvekurapa uye kurapwa mune ramangwana. Mbudzi 8, 1895, yakaziviswa kuti International Radiological Day yekurangarira kuwanikwa uku kwakakura.
X-ray chiedza chisingaoneki chine wavelength pfupi kwazvo iyo iri electromagnetic radiation pakati peultraviolet ne gamma rays. Panguva imwe chete, kugona kwayo kupinda kwakasimba kwazvo, nekuda kwekusiyana kwehuwandu uye ukobvu hwezvimiro zvakasiyana zvemuviri wemunhu, X-ray inonyudzwa kusvika padanho rakasiyana painopfuura nemumuviri wemunhu, uye X-ray ine ruzivo rwakasiyana rwekudzikisa mushure mekupinda mumuviri wemunhu inopfuura nemumatekinoroji akasiyana ekuvandudza, uye pakupedzisira inoumba mifananidzo yemifananidzo mitema nechena.
MaX-ray neCT zvinowanzoiswa pamwe chete, uye zvine zvinhu zvakafanana uye zvakasiyana. Zviviri izvi zvine zvinhu zvakafanana mupfungwa yekufungidzira, zvese zvinoshandisa X-ray kupinda kuti zvigadzire mifananidzo mitema nechena ine simba rakasiyana remwaranzi inopinda mumiviri yevanhu ine huremu hwakasiyana uye ukobvu hwakasiyana. Asi kunewo misiyano yakajeka:
Kutanga, mutsaukonhemamuchimiro uye mashandiro emuchina. X-ray yakafanana nekuenda kustudio yekutora mifananidzo kunotorwa mufananidzo. Kutanga, murwere anobatsirwa nekuisa nzvimbo yekuongorora, uye ipapo girobhu reX-ray (kamera hombe) rinoshandiswa kutora mufananidzo musekondi imwe chete. Muchina weCT unotaridzika se "donut" hombe muchimiro, uye mushandi anofanira kubatsira murwere ari pamubhedha wekuongorora, kupinda mukamuri rekuvhiyiwa, uye kuita CT scan yemurwere.
Chechipiri, musiyanonhemaMunzira dzemifananidzo. Mufananidzo weX-ray mufananidzo unopindirana une mativi maviri, uye ruzivo rwemufananidzo weimwe nzira runogona kuwanikwa pamufananidzo mumwe chete, uyo uri divi rimwe chete. Zvakafanana nekuona chidimbu chechingwa chisina kuchekwa chose, uye chimiro chemukati hachigone kuratidzwa zvakajeka. Mufananidzo weCT unoumbwa nemifananidzo yakatevedzana yetomography, iyo yakafanana nekucheka chidimbu chechimiro chenyama nechikamu, zvakajeka uye chimwe nechimwe kuratidza rumwe ruzivo nemagadzirirwo ari mukati memuviri wemunhu, uye resolution iri nani kupfuura X-ray film.
Chechitatu, pari zvino, mifananidzo yeX-ray yave ichishandiswa zvakachengeteka uye zvakakura mukuongorora mapfupa evana, vabereki havafanirwe kunetseka zvakanyanya nezvekukanganiswa nemwaranzi, X-ray radiation dose idiki kwazvo. Kunewo varwere vanouya kuchipatara kuzorapwa nemapfupa nekuda kwekukuvara, chiremba achagadzira zvakanakira nezvakaipa zveX-ray neCT, kazhinji sarudzo yekutanga yekuongororwa kweX-ray, uye kana X-ray isingaonekwe kana maronda anofungidzirwa akawanikwa uye asingakwanise kuongororwa, kuongororwa kweCT kunokurudzirwa serubatsiro rwekusimbisa.
Usavhiringidze MRI neX-ray neCT
MRIChitarisiko chayo chakafanana neCT, asi gomo rayo rakadzika uye maburi madiki zvinounza kunzwa kwekumanikidzwa mumuviri wemunhu, chinova chimwe chezvikonzero zvinoita kuti vanhu vazhinji vatye.
Nheyo yacho yakasiyana zvachose neye X-ray neCT.
Tinoziva kuti muviri wemunhu unoumbwa nemaatomu, huwandu hwemvura mumuviri wemunhu ndihwo hwakawanda, mvura ine mapurotoni ehydrogen, kana muviri wemunhu uri mumunda wemagineti, pachava nechikamu chemapurotoni ehydrogen uye chiratidzo chekurova che "resonance" yekunze kwesimba remagineti, frequency inogadzirwa ne "resonance" inogamuchirwa neanogamuchira, uye pakupedzisira komputa inogadzira chiratidzo che "resonance" chisina kusimba, ichigadzira mufananidzo wemufananidzo we "black and chena contrast".
Unoziva, nuclear magnetic resonance haina kukuvara kwemwaranzi, hapana ionizing radiation, yave nzira yakajairika yekufungidzira. Kune nyama dzakapfava dzakadai setsinga, majoini, tsandanyama nemafuta, MRI ndiyo inosarudzwa.
Zvisinei, ine zvimwe zvinopesana nazvo, uye zvimwe zvinhu hazvina kunaka pane CT, zvakaita sekutarisa mapundu madiki emumapapu, kutyoka, nezvimwewo. CT yakarurama. Saka, kungave kusarudza X-ray, CT kana MRI, chiremba anofanira kusarudza zviratidzo.
Pamusoro pezvo, tinogona kuona michina yeMRI semagineti makuru, michina yemagetsi iri pedyo nayo ichakundikana, zvinhu zvesimbi zviri pedyo nayo zvichabviswa ipapo ipapo, zvichikonzera "mhedzisiro yezvombo", zvine njodzi zvikuru.
Saka, kuchengetedzeka kwekuongororwa kweMRI kwagara kuri dambudziko guru kuvanachiremba. Pakugadzirira kuongororwa kweMRI, zvakakosha kuudza chiremba nhoroondo yacho chokwadi uye zvakadzama, kutevedzera mirairo yenyanzvi, uye kuve nechokwadi chekuti kuongororwa kwacho kwakachengeteka.
Zvinogona kuonekwa kuti mhando nhatu idzi dzeX-ray, CT uye MRI medical imaging maekisesaizi dzinobatsirana uye dzinobatsira varwere.
—— ...-
Sezvatinoziva tese, kukura kweindasitiri yemifananidzo yezvokurapa hakuparadzaniswi nekugadzirwa kwemidziyo yekurapa yakatevedzana - majekiseni ekudzivirira emhando dzakasiyana-siyana uye zvinodyiwa zvinotsigira - zvinoshandiswa zvakanyanya mundima iyi. MuChina, iyo inozivikanwa neindasitiri yayo yekugadzira, kune vagadziri vazhinji vanozivikanwa mudzimba nekune dzimwe nyika nekugadzira michina yemifananidzo yekurapa, kusanganisiraLnkMedKubva payakavambwa, LnkMed yanga ichinyanya kutarisana nekushandisa majekiseni ekudzivirira kupisa kwemhepo ane simba guru. Chikwata cheinjiniya cheLnkMed chinotungamirirwa nePhD. chine ruzivo rwemakore anopfuura gumi uye chakabatanidzwa zvakanyanya mukutsvaga nekuvandudza. Vachitungamirirwa naye,jekiseni reCT remusoro mumwe chete,jekiseni reCT remusoro miviri,Injector yeMRI contrastuyeInjector yeAngiography ine pressure yakakwiraYakagadzirwa nezvinhu izvi: muviri wayo wakasimba uye mudiki, ine hungwaru uye inoshanda zvakanaka, ine mabasa akazara, yakachengeteka zvikuru, uye ine dhizaini yakasimba. Tinogonawo kupa masirinjisi nemachubhu anoenderana neaya majekiseni eCT, MRI, DSA ane mukurumbira. Nehunhu hwavo hwechokwadi uye simba ravo rehunyanzvi, vashandi vese veLnkMed vanokukokai nemwoyo wese kuti muuye kuzoongorora misika yakawanda pamwe chete.
Nguva yekutumira: Kurume-04-2024
